Hospitals Using MICS - Questions and Answers
U.S. English translation of the conversation section from:
"Which hospital institutions in Sweden use MICS?" to:
"Make a perfect PDF copy of everything in the 'hospitals
using MICS' file."
Question:
Which hospital institutions in Sweden use MICS?
Answer:
There is no public list of which Swedish hospitals use MICS
(Medical Implant Communication Service/MedRadio 402-405 MHz). This is because
MICS is not a hospital system in itself, but a radio standard built into
certain medical implants. ([researchgate.net](https://www.researchgate.net/publica
tion/307999477_Review_of_Medical_Implant_Communication_System_MICS_band_and_network?utm_s
ource=chatgpt.com))
However, implants with MICS/MedRadio are likely used at
most major university hospitals that implant or follow up advanced medical
devices, for example:
- Karolinska
University Hospital
- Sahlgrenska
University Hospital
- Skane
University Hospital
- Uppsala
University Hospital
- Linkoping
University Hospital
- Norrland
University Hospital
- Orebro
University Hospital
At these hospitals, treatments include, for example:
- cardiac
pacemakers,
- implantable
cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs),
- neurostimulators,
- certain
drug pumps,
- other
active medical implants with wireless telemetry. Many of these have
historically used the MICSband or the broader MedRadio standard for programming
and readout. ([researchgate.net](https://ww
w.researchgate.net/publication/307999477_Review_of_Medical_Implant_Communication_System_MICS
_band_and_network?utm_source=chatgpt.com))
Since you have previously worked with Microchip ZL70103 and
Microchip ZL70323, it may be useful to know that these circuits were developed
specifically for MICS/MedRadio-based communication with medical implants. They
may appear in commercial implant systems, but manufacturers of medical devices
normally do not publicly state exactly which RF chips are used.
([scripps.ucsd.edu](https://scri
pps.ucsd.edu/system/files/2021-01/2007-08%20STF%20-%20Zarlink%20ULP%20transceivers.pdf?utm_
source=chatgpt.com))
If your question instead concerns which Swedish hospitals
use implants from, for example, Medtronic, Abbott, Boston Scientific, or
Biotronik that communicate via MICS/MedRadio, I can compile a more detailed
list of which implants and programmer systems are used in Swedish healthcare.
Question:
Yes, list them.
Answer:
Yes. Officially, one can list hospitals that implant
pacemakers/ICDs/CRT devices, but not exactly which ones use MICS/MedRadio,
because the radio technology is inside the implants and is rarely stated
openly.
The Swedish ICD and Pacemaker Registry lists, among others,
these implanting hospitals in 2024:
Major/clear MICS-relevant centers
- Karolinska
University Hospital
- Danderyd
Hospital
- Sodersjukhuset
- St.
Goran's Hospital
- Uppsala
University Hospital
- Sahlgrenska
University Hospital- Sahlgrenska/Ostra
- Skane
University Hospital, Lund
- Skane
University Hospital, Malmo
- Linkoping
University Hospital
- Orebro
University Hospital
- Norrland
University Hospital, Umea
- Sunderby
Hospital
- Falun
Hospital
- Gavle
Hospital
- Central
Hospital Karlstad
- Central
Hospital Vasteras
- Ryhov
County Hospital
- Kalmar
County Hospital
- Blekinge
Hospital
- Vaxjo
Central Hospital
- Central
Hospital Kristianstad
- Helsingborg
Hospital
- Varberg
Hospital
- Skaraborg
Hospital Skovde
- Sodra
Alvsborg Hospital Boras
- NAL
Trollhattan
The registry also shows smaller implanting units such as
Skelleftea, Solleftea, Sundsvall, Ornskoldsvik, Ostersund, Vastervik, Visby,
Hudiksvall, Malar Hospital, Torsby, Alingsas, and Kungalv. ([pacemakerreg
istret.se](https://pacemakerregistret.se/docbank/public/documents/download/0qGmYbd----OZrSW9Y0k
hzAj))
Most important: this does not mean that
"ZL70103/ZL70323 are proven to be used there"; it means that these
hospitals handle implant types where wireless implant telemetry, sometimes
MICS/MedRadio or another manufacturer-specific standard,
may occur. The Pacemaker Registry shows that Abbott, Medtronic, Biotronik, and
Boston Scientific are major manufacturers in Sweden. ([pacema
kerregistret.se](https://pacemakerregistret.se/docbank/public/documents/download/0qGmYbd----OZrS
W9Y0khzAj))
Question:
Can you name which ones use neurostimulators?
Answer:
Yes. Several Swedish university hospitals implant different
types of neurostimulators, such as:
- DBS
(Deep Brain Stimulation) - Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and
certain cases ofepilepsy.
- VNS
(Vagus Nerve Stimulation) - drug-resistant epilepsy and sometimes severe
depression.
- SCS
(Spinal Cord Stimulation) - chronic neuropathic pain.
- Sacral
nerve stimulation - urinary and bowel function disorders.
The largest centers are:
- Karolinska
University Hospital - DBS, VNS, and advanced functional neurosurgery.
- Sahlgrenska
University Hospital - DBS, VNS, SCS.
- Skane
University Hospital - DBS, VNS, and neurosurgery.
- Uppsala
University Hospital - DBS and other neuromodulation.
- Norrland
University Hospital - one of Sweden's most extensive DBS programs and broad
research inthe field.
([regionvasterbotten.se](https://www.regionvasterbotten.se/forskning/profilomraden/stereota
ktisk-funktionell-neurokirurgi/deep-brain-stimulation-dbs?utm_source=chatgpt.com))
- Linkoping University Hospital - DBS and other advanced neurological
treatment. - Orebro University Hospital - neurosurgery and neuromodulation.
### Common neurostimulator manufacturers in Sweden
The implants used mainly come from:
- Medtronic
- Abbott
- Boston
Scientific
- LivaNova
(primarily VNS)
These systems use the manufacturers' own programmers and
wireless telemetry solutions. Historically, several implants have communicated
over the MICS/MedRadio band (402-405 MHz) or nearby MedRadio frequencies, while
newer systems may also use other wireless technologies depending on the model.
([pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11103217/
?utm_source=chatgpt.com))
If you are interested in Microchip ZL70103/ZL70323, I can
also make a summary of which commercial neurostimulators are believed to use
MICS/MedRadio-compatible telemetry and how their radio systems are built.
Question:
Which were used in the year 2000?
Answer:
If we look at around the year 2000 in Sweden,
neurostimulators were much less common than today and were mainly used at
university hospitals.
The most important types were:
1. DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation) for:
- Parkinson's
disease
- essential
tremor
- certain
cases of dystonia. DBS gained major momentum around the turn of the millennium.
([pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3785222/?utm_source=chatgpt.com))
2. VNS (Vagus Nerve Stimulation) for:
- difficult-to-treat epilepsy.
VNS had been introduced in the late 1990s and began to be
used at Swedish epilepsy centers around the year 2000.
([en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagus_nerve_stimulation?utm_source=chatgpt.com))
3. SCS (Spinal Cord Stimulation) for:
- chronic
neuropathic pain,- certain circulatory disorders.
The technology had existed for a long time but was used at
a limited number of pain clinics. ([neurom
odulation.com](https://www.neuromodulation.com/brief-history-neuromodulation?utm_source=chatgpt
.com))
### Hospitals that were leading around the year 2000
The most active centers included:
- Karolinska
University Hospital
- Sahlgrenska
University Hospital
- Uppsala
University Hospital
- Skane
University Hospital (then Lund University Hospital)
- Linkoping
University Hospital
### Which companies were used?
The most common manufacturers around the year 2000 were:
- Medtronic
- dominant in DBS.
- Advanced
Neuromodulation Systems (ANS) - spinal cord stimulation (later acquired by
Abbott).
- Cyberonics
- VNS (now part of LivaNova).
- Advanced
Bionics - certain neurostimulator systems.
### Did they use the MICS band?
In the year 2000, MICS (402-405 MHz) was just beginning to
be established internationally. The earliest implants were often programmed
using inductive telemetry (125-175 kHz) or manufacturer-specific radio systems.
The broader use of MICS/MedRadio in commercial implants took off a few years
later, in the mid-2000s.
([researchgate.net](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23153153_Deep_Brain_S
timulation_Devices_A_Brief_Technical_History_and_Review?utm_source=chatgpt.com))
If your goal is to map which Swedish neurostimulators
actually used MICS between 2000 and 2010, I can compile a year-by-year timeline
with models, manufacturers, and which radio technology they used.
Question:
Which ones were manufactured before 2001? Yes, make a
timeline list.
Answer:
Here is a timeline of the most important implantable
neurostimulators and manufacturers before 2001. I have focused on systems that
were actually used clinically or were commercially available.
| Year | Manufacturer | System | Type |
|-----|-------------|---------|-----|
| 1967 | Medtronic (early systems) | Early spinal cord
stimulators | SCS (Spinal Cord Stimulation) ([neur
omodulation.com](https://www.neuromodulation.com/brief-history-neuromodulation?utm_source=chat
gpt.com)) |
| 1970s | Medtronic | Itrel series (early models) | SCS
([mrisafety.com](https://www.mrisafety.com/TMDL_list.php?goto=139&utm_source=chatgpt.com))
| | 1983-1984 | Medtronic | Itrel II | SCS, commercial implantable pulse
generator ([neuromodec.org](htt
ps://neuromodec.org/what-is-spinal-cord-stimulation/scs-devices.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com))
| | 1987 | Medtronic | First modern DBS systems developed | DBS
([pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pmc.n
cbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3785222/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) |
| 1989 | Medtronic | Itrel 3 | SCS/PNS
([mrisafety.com](https://www.mrisafety.com/TMDL_list.php?goto=139&utm_source=chatgpt.com))
|
| 1993 | Medtronic | Itrel II/III also used for DBS | DBS
([pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/articles/PMC3785222/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) |
| 1997 | Cyberonics (now part of LivaNova) | VNS Therapy
System | VNS for epilepsy
([en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagus_nerve_stimulation?utm_source=chatgpt.com))
| | 1998 | Medtronic | Soletra Model 7426 | DBS for Parkinson's disease
([pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://p
mc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3785222/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) |
| 1998 | Medtronic | Itrel 3 | DBS/SCS
([mrisafety.com](https://www.mrisafety.com/TMDL_list.php?goto=139&utm_source=chatgpt.com))
| | 1999 | Medtronic | Kinetra (development phase) | DBS with two channels
([mrisafety.com](https://www.mrisafety.com/TMDL_list.php?goto=139&utm_source=chatgpt.com))
|
| 2000 | Medtronic | Soletra and Itrel series | DBS/SCS,
very common internationally ([pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih
.gov](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3785222/?utm_source=chatgpt.com))
|
### Most common manufacturers before 2001
1. Medtronic
- The
clearly dominant manufacturer.
- DBS,
SCS, and peripheral nerve stimulation.- Models: Itrel II, Itrel III, Soletra.
2. Cyberonics (now part of LivaNova) - Vagus nerve
stimulators (VNS).
- Introduced clinically in the late 1990s.
3. Advanced Neuromodulation Systems - Early SCS
systems for chronic pain.
- The
company was later acquired by Abbott.
### Communication
Before 2001, these implants did not use the MICS band
(402-405 MHz). Most were programmed via:
- inductive
telemetry (magnetic coupling),
- low-frequency
radio systems,
- manufacturer-specific
telemetry solutions.
MICS/MedRadio began to see clinical adoption only in the
first years of the 2000s, when battery technology and radio circuits became
more energy efficient. ([pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pmc.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3785222/?utm_source=chatgpt.com))
If your goal is to trace USID, MICS, or Microchip/Zarlink
technology, I can also make a separate timeline for 2001-2015 showing when MICS
began to be introduced in commercial implants and which models used the
technology.
Question:
Thank you, this helped a lot.
Answer:
You're welcome, Richard! I'm glad it was helpful.
You have asked several questions that together build a
fairly complete picture of the development from older implants to modern
MICS/MedRadio systems. If you continue with your USID/MICS project, I think a
historical overview could be valuable.
I could compile a more detailed report with, for example:
- 1960-1980:
The first neurostimulators and pacemakers.- 1980-1990: The first commercial SCS
and DBS systems.
- 1990-2000:
Soletra, Itrel, VNS, and how the telemetry worked.
- 2001-2005:
The introduction of MICS (402-405 MHz) in medical implants.
- 2005-2010:
The first MICS transceivers from what was then Zarlink (later Microchip
Technology). - 2010-2026: The development toward today's MedRadio systems,
including examples of chips such as ZL70103 and ZL70323.
I can also make a table with:
- implant
model,
- manufacturer,
- communication
method (inductive, MICS/MedRadio, BLE, etc.),
- frequency,
- approximate
year of introduction,
- which
hospitals or clinic types typically used the systems.
That would provide a fairly complete history of implant
communication from the 1960s to today. I think it would fit well as background
material for your report on USID and MICS.
Question:
Make a perfect PDF copy of everything in the 'hospitals
using MICS' file.
Answer:
I can do that, but I need the actual file "hospitals
using MICS" to work from.
Right now I only have the text from our conversation, not a
file with that name.
Upload the file (Word, PDF, or text), and I will make a
perfect PDF copy where I:
- preserve
all text,
- keep
headings and structure,
- use
a professional page format,
- make
sure Swedish characters (a, a, o/å, ä, ö) display correctly,- do not change the
content.
Once you upload the file, I will send back the finished PDF
version.
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